A thousand-year-old city with important archaeological sites, the most significant being the Torreparedones Archaeological ParkIt preserves part of its old town strength and the network of streets of the Arab medina. Land of olive-growing tradition, holder of the oldest Designation of Origin in Spain.
Its name derives from Baius, owner of a villa located in the area. It gained significant importance from the 8th century onwards when a large part of the population scattered throughout the surrounding area regrouped here, leaving the ancient Iberian and Roman settlement of Iponuba, 3 km away. In 1241, Baena surrendered to King Ferdinand III, and a community of Castilian-Leonese settlers, Mudéjars, and Jews was established, subject to the hardships inherent in frontier life, given its location opposite the Kingdom of Granada. It currently has 21.000 inhabitants.